Mountainbike, Downhill, Enduro or Cross Country
There are many different types of bikes which can be quite confusing for the beginner. Mountain biking is used by many but is a kind of collective name for bicycles intended for terrain. They often have 21-27 gears and are semi- or fully damped. This genre includes the other types mentioned, downhill, enduro and cross country.
Downhill bikes are usually heavier and should withstand a lot. They have advanced damping on both front and rear and more durable tires than many other bikes. They are well suited for lift-borne cycling where you do not have to cycle uphill
Cross Country is a kind of mountain bike that usually has a shorter suspension at the front (and sometimes also at the rear). The bikes are light and are intended for easier terrain, often on wider paths, forest roads or gravel roads.
Enduro bikes (also called All-Mountain bikes) are usually fully damped bikes that are designed for advanced and technical cycling in tough terrain. Unlike a downhill bike, it is more suitable for cycling up the mountain.
Road bikes
Yes, as if it were not enough with the types of bikes mentioned above, there are also road bikes which are designed for ordinary country roads. Asphalt as well as gravel. These bikes lack suspension, usually have a lighter frame and narrower tires. They often have different types of buck handlebars to reduce wind resistance
BMX and Dirtbikes are special bikes for those who like to ride on pump tracks. They are both light and have low frames, often lacking gears. There are several different genres within this branch as well, but all are designed for technical cycling which often includes different types of jumps, tricks and stunts.